{"id":1740,"date":"2018-09-06T09:34:18","date_gmt":"2018-09-06T08:34:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/smartcentregroup.com\/?page_id=1740"},"modified":"2018-09-15T22:37:36","modified_gmt":"2018-09-15T21:37:36","slug":"hand-dug-well","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/smartcentregroup.com\/index.php\/technologies\/hand-dug-well\/","title":{"rendered":"Hand-dug well"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Hand dug well, unlined<\/h1>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\n

Description<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Wells can be dug in almost any kind of soils with simple tools.Advantages compared to drilled wells;<\/p>\n

    \n
  • In most cases much cheaper- Can be made with tools like a hoePick axe, hammer<\/li>\n
  • Skills are locally available<\/li>\n
  • Large storage capacity so good inareas with poor aquifers. (Water flowsin at night and taken out in the day)<\/li>\n
  • If completed with a well cover, apronseal and pump, hand dug wells candeliver safe water<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Disadvantages compared to drilling<\/strong><\/h3>\n
      \n
    • Can only go in the first shallow\u00a0aquifers so limited to suitable areas<\/li>\n
    • Digging often limited to dry season,\u00a0waiting for the lowest water level.<\/li>\n
    • Shallow water layers are more often\u00a0contaminated than deeper layers<\/li>\n
    • More difficult to make a good seal\u00a0<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Information<\/strong><\/h3>\n
        \n
      • \u00a0Depth in range of 1 \u00a0to\u00a0 30 meters deep and well diameters of 0.8 to 3 meters<\/li>\n
      • \u00a0In soft layers lining is important to avoid collapsing<\/li>\n
      • Water lifted by a rope and bucket, windlass, pumps like Mark 5, Canzee, Rope pump.<\/li>\n
      • Cost depends on soil type, well depth and diameter of the well.<\/li>\n
      • Cost indication: \u00a050 \u2013 500 US$ <\/strong>(excl. lining, cover, apron, pump)<\/li>\n
      • Producers: Local well diggers;\u00a0 Info at SMART Centres Tanzania and Malawi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0Hand dug Well: Lining with bricks, blocks<\/h1>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Lining a well from the bottom up with bricks<\/p>\n

\n

Description<\/strong><\/h3>\n

When soil is unstable, (sandy), a well \u00a0needs a lining. In other cases often only the top of the well and the lower 1 or 2 meters need lining.<\/p>\n

Advantages of lining:<\/strong><\/h3>\n
    \n
  • No collapsing of the well<\/li>\n
  • Safer to go down in the well for\u00a0cleaning or deepening<\/li>\n
  • Functions as a sanitary seal against\u00a0contamination from around the top<\/li>\n
  • Gives a firm base for a well cover<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Disadvantages of lining<\/strong><\/h3>\n
      \n
    • More expensive \u00a0than no lining<\/li>\n
    • Requires materials which may not be\u00a0readily available<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Information<\/strong><\/h3>\n
        \n
      • Lining can consist of bricks or cement blocks<\/li>\n
      • Bricks need to be of good quality (High temperature firing)<\/li>\n
      • Cost depends on material, well depth\u00a0 and diameter of well<\/li>\n
      • Cost indication complete lining;\u00a0 100 \u2013 500 US$ \u00a0<\/strong>for a 10 m deep well:<\/li>\n
      • Cost indication of partial lining;\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a050 \u2013 \u00a0200 US$<\/strong><\/li>\n
      • Producers; Local well diggers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        \u00a03. Hand dug well, lined with concrete rings<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n

        Description<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        A common way for lining is with concrete rings. Wells can be made deeper by digging inside the rings so the rings go down.
        \nAnother option is to use telescoped rings (smaller rings which fit inside the larger rings.)<\/p>\n

        Advantages compared to bricks:<\/strong><\/h3>\n
          \n
        • – Faster<\/li>\n
        • – Can be stronger<\/li>\n
        • – Digging can be done inside the rings\u00a0so the well rings go down by their
          \nown weight so the well can be made\u00a0deeper without collapsing of the wall<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Disadvantages compared to bricks<\/strong><\/h3>\n
            \n
          • – Requires moulds for casting<\/li>\n
          • – More skills needed<\/li>\n
          • – Heavy to lower in well.<\/li>\n
          • – More expensive than bricks<\/li>\n
          • – In sandy soils, rings can sink by own\u00a0weight at the bottom of the well\u00a0and become unstable.<\/li>\n
          • – Often impermeable, water comes up\u00a0from bottom<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Information<\/strong><\/h3>\n
              \n
            • With rings of 0.8 meter diameters, the wells needs to be 1 meter or more<\/li>\n
            • Can be prefabricated or made on site<\/li>\n
            • Cost depends on length of lining and diameter of cement ring<\/li>\n
            • Cost indication for a 10 m deep well: 100- 500 US$ <\/strong>(excl. apron, well cover)<\/li>\n
            • Producers: Info at SMART Centre Malawi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              \u00a04. Hand dug well: Well heads and aprons<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
              \n
              <\/div>\n
              		\n

              Description<\/strong><\/h3>\n

              Open dug wells can be improved with a well head. Parts are a well cover (Concrete slab), a Parapet, an Apron and a Soak away.
              \nIn general it is essential that the bucket stays off the ground and that hands are clean before touching the bucket.<\/p>\n

              Advantages compared to an open well<\/strong><\/h3>\n
                \n
              • – A slab, metal cover avoids contamination from above, windblown dirt, small animals etc<\/li>\n
              • – A Parapet and cover prevents people, children from falling in the well, and (rain), splash water flowing into the well.<\/li>\n
              • -An Apron and Soak away avoids dirty water from flowing back into the well.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Disadvantages compared to an open well<\/strong><\/h3>\n
                  \n
                • – More expensive<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Information<\/strong><\/h3>\n

                  \u2022 Well covers, concrete slabs can be in any size and thickness
                  \n\u2022 Important to keep the bucket off the ground
                  \n\u2022 Cost depends on well diameter and materials used
                  \n\u2022 Cost indication for a 1.2 diameter concrete slab: 50 \u2013 200 US$
                  \n\u2022 Producers: Local masons, well diggers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  5. Hand dug well: Well-reducer rings (bricks)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                   <\/p>\n\n

                  Description<\/strong><\/h3>\n

                  An option to make the well top fit for a well cover is a Well reducer ring. In this cases made of bricks.<\/p>\n

                  Advantages compared to a concrete slab <\/strong><\/h3>\n

                  – Can be made for any diameter well.
                  \n– No need for steel reinforcement
                  \n– Ring 1.5 meter made of 1 bag cement
                  \n– Includes a seal, so less danger of contamination from outside
                  \n– The diameter of theole can be 70 cm\u00a0so a prefabricated well cover will fit on.
                  \n– By making the ring tapered it becomes\u00a0very strong, so no collapsing
                  \n– A tapered ring avoids water flowing\u00a0back into the well<\/p>\n

                  Disadvantages compared to concrete slab<\/strong><\/h3>\n

                  – For small diameter wells more expensive
                  \n– Not a known technology yet, requires training<\/p>\n

                  Information<\/strong><\/h3>\n

                  \u2022 For wells with any diameter. Preferred inside diameter 70 cm but can be any size
                  \n\u2022 Can be combined with a prefabricated well cover and mounted with a Rope or other pump
                  \n\u2022 Cost depends on diameter, available materials
                  \n\u2022 Cost indication : 50 \u2013 100 US$ (excl. cover for the pump)
                  \n\u2022 Producers; Info at all SMART Centres<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  6. Hand dug well: Well reducer rings (blocks)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                  \n\n

                  Description<\/strong><\/h3>\n

                  If burnt bricks are not available or more expensive than cement blocks, a reducer ring can also be made of tapered cement blocks.<\/p>\n

                  Advantages compared to bricks:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

                  – An option where bricks are expensive
                  \nor low quality
                  \n– Can be longer so a longer overlap is possible. For instance on a well of 1 meter only one ring of blocks is needed to reach an inside diameter of 70 Cm<\/p>\n

                  Disadvantages compared to bricks<\/strong><\/h3>\n

                  – Requires moulds for blocks
                  \n– Maybe more expensive
                  \n– Not a known technology yet, requires
                  \ntraining<\/p>\n

                  Information<\/strong><\/h3>\n

                  \u2022 Blocks can be made on site or be prefabricated
                  \n\u2022 Blocks are 40 cm long and 5 cm thick.
                  \n\u2022 With each ring the diameter can be reduced with 30 cm
                  \n\u2022 Cost depends on the diameter of the well. (either 1 ring, 2 rings or 3 rings)
                  \n\u2022 Cost indication: 60 – 120 US$ for well diameter 1 meter: (excl. cover)
                  \n\u2022 Producers: Still in development.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  7. Hand dug well: Prefabricated well cover<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                  <\/div>\n
                  		\n

                  Description<\/strong><\/h3>\n

                  If a Rope pump will be installed and the well has a Well reducer ring, the well cover can be small in diameter (0,8Meter) and can be prefabricated in the pump or other workshop.<\/p>\n

                  Advantages compared to on site production well cover<\/strong><\/h3>\n
                    \n
                  • – In most cases cheaper<\/li>\n
                  • – Better quality, easier to control<\/li>\n
                  • – Fast installation. Pump and cover can\u00a0be installed in one hour. No need to
                    \nwait until the cement is dry and no need\u00a0to come back for installation of the
                    \npump<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Disadvantages compared to on site production<\/strong><\/h3>\n
                      \n
                    • – Depending on way of transport, maybe heavy to transport<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Information<\/strong><\/h3>\n
                        \n
                      • \n
                          \n
                        • Well cover diameter is 0.80 meter. Well cover weight 25 \u2013 40 kgs<\/li>\n
                        • Cover has a 4 inch pipe for both pump pipe and return pipe so all maintenance\u00a0and repair can be done via this 4 inch pipe<\/li>\n
                        • Well cover and well reducer ring sealed with cement so no water flows back into the well<\/li>\n
                        • Cost indication 30 \u2013 60 US$ (excl. pump)<\/li>\n
                        • Producers: Info at all SMART Centre<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          1. Hand dug well, unlined Description Wells can be dug in almost any kind of soils with simple tools.Advantages compared to drilled wells; In most cases much cheaper- Can be made with tools like a hoePick axe, hammer Skills are locally available Large storage capacity so good inareas with poor aquifers. (Water flowsin at night<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"parent":111,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1740","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/smartcentregroup.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1740","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/smartcentregroup.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/smartcentregroup.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/smartcentregroup.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/smartcentregroup.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1740"}],"version-history":[{"count":53,"href":"https:\/\/smartcentregroup.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1740\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1746,"href":"https:\/\/smartcentregroup.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1740\/revisions\/1746"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/smartcentregroup.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/smartcentregroup.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1740"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}